BIG BEND HISTORY
THE MAKERS OF CANADA
RUBY & BROWN: SPOKANE INDIANS CHILDREN OF THE SUN BIBLIOGRAPHY
PART 1: Manuscript Materials, Interviews, Letters to the Authors,
Federal Documents, Newspapers
PART 2: Books and Pamphlets
PART 3: Articles, Miscellaneous Items
BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARIES
MILITARY REGISTERS
RAILROAD HISTORY
Tuesday, March 27, 2012
Monday, March 26, 2012
SYMBOLS & SPECIAL CHARACTERS
Not found on a regular keyboard
Useful when using a computer that doesn't have Word 2010
(under construction. codes to be added.)
FREQUENTLY USED:
— Em Dash
― Horizontal Bar
¢ Cent Sign
© Copyright Sign
¶ Pilcrow Sign
§ Secton Sign
· Middle Dot Alt+0183
ǝ Latin small turned E (small schwa)
‘ left single quotation mark
’ right single quotation mark
¼ ½ ¾ Vulgar Fractions
⅓ ⅔ ⅕ ⅖ ⅗ ⅘ ⅙ ⅚ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞
Æ æ Latin Letter Ae
Ç ç Latin Letter C with Cedilla
É é Latin Letter E with Acute
SYMBOLS
LATIN EXTENDED
GREEK
HEBREW
_________
HOW TO MAKE SYMBOLS WITH KEYBOARD
Alt + 0153..... ™... trademark symbol
Alt + 0169.... ©.... copyright symbol
Alt + 0174..... ®....registered trademark symbol
Alt + 0176 ...°......degree symbol
Alt + 0177 ...±....plus-or -minus sign
Alt + 0182 ...¶.....paragraph mark
...See More....smiley face
Alt + 2 ......☻.....black smiley face
Alt + 15.....☼.....sun
Alt + 12......♀.....female sign
Alt + 11.....♂......male sign
Alt + 6.......♠.....spade
Alt + 5.......♣...... Club
Alt + 3.............. Heart
Alt + 4.......♦...... Diamond
Alt + 13......♪.....eighth note
Alt + 14......♫...... beamed eighth note
Alt + 8721.... ∑.... N-ary summation (auto sum)
Alt + 251.....√.....square root check mark
Alt + 8236.....∞..... infinity
Alt + 24.......↑..... up arrow
Alt + 25......↓...... down arrow
Alt + 26.....→.....right arrow
Alt + 27......←.....left arrow
Alt + 18.....↕......up/down arrow
Alt + 29......↔...left right arrow
________
Alt Codes
________
Useful when using a computer that doesn't have Word 2010
(under construction. codes to be added.)
FREQUENTLY USED:
— Em Dash
― Horizontal Bar
¢ Cent Sign
© Copyright Sign
¶ Pilcrow Sign
§ Secton Sign
· Middle Dot Alt+0183
ǝ Latin small turned E (small schwa)
‘ left single quotation mark
’ right single quotation mark
¼ ½ ¾ Vulgar Fractions
⅓ ⅔ ⅕ ⅖ ⅗ ⅘ ⅙ ⅚ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞
¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ⁰ Superscripts
₁ ₂ ₃ ₄ ₅ ₆ ₇ ₈ ₉ ₀ Subscripts
Æ æ Latin Letter Ae
Ç ç Latin Letter C with Cedilla
É é Latin Letter E with Acute
SYMBOLS
LATIN EXTENDED
GREEK
HEBREW
_________
HOW TO MAKE SYMBOLS WITH KEYBOARD
Alt + 0153..... ™... trademark symbol
Alt + 0169.... ©.... copyright symbol
Alt + 0174..... ®....registered trademark symbol
Alt + 0176 ...°......degree symbol
Alt + 0177 ...±....plus-or -minus sign
Alt + 0182 ...¶.....paragraph mark
...See More....smiley face
Alt + 2 ......☻.....black smiley face
Alt + 15.....☼.....sun
Alt + 12......♀.....female sign
Alt + 11.....♂......male sign
Alt + 6.......♠.....spade
Alt + 5.......♣...... Club
Alt + 3.............. Heart
Alt + 4.......♦...... Diamond
Alt + 13......♪.....eighth note
Alt + 14......♫...... beamed eighth note
Alt + 8721.... ∑.... N-ary summation (auto sum)
Alt + 251.....√.....square root check mark
Alt + 8236.....∞..... infinity
Alt + 24.......↑..... up arrow
Alt + 25......↓...... down arrow
Alt + 26.....→.....right arrow
Alt + 27......←.....left arrow
Alt + 18.....↕......up/down arrow
Alt + 29......↔...left right arrow
________
Alt Codes
________
THE MAKERS OF CANADA
THE MAKERS OF CANADA
VOL. I: CHAMPLAIN
by N. E. Dionne
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. II: BISHOP LAVAL
by A. Leblond De Brumath
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. III: COUNT FRONTENAC
by William D. Le Sueur
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. IV: WOLFE AND MONTCALM
by The Abbe H. R. Casgrain
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. V: LORD DORCHESTER
by A. G. Bradley
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. VI: SIR FREDERICK HALDIMAND
by Jean N. McIlwraith
London: Morang & Co., Limited, 1905
VOL. VII: JOHN GRAVES SIMCOE
by Duncan Campbell Scott
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. VIII: MACKENZIE, SELKIRK, SIMPSON
by The Rev. George Bryce, D.D.
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. IX: GENERAL BROCK
by Lady Edgar
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. X: PAPINEAU CARTIER
by Alfred D. DeCelles
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. XI: WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE
by Charles Lindsey, edited with numerous additions by G. G. S. Lindsey
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. XII: JOSEPH HOWE
by Hon. J. W. Longley
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. XIII: EGERTON RYERSON
by Nathanael Burwash
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. XIV: BALDWIN, LAFOUNTAIN, HINCKS
by Stephen Leacock
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1907
VOL. XV: LORD SYDENHAM
by Adam Shortt
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. XVI: LORD ELGIN
by Sir John George Bourinot
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. XVII: WILMOT AND TILLEY
by James Hannay
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. XVIII: SIR JOHN A. MACDONALD
by George R. Parkin
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
VOL. XIX: GEORGE BROWN
by John Lewis
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1906
VOL. XX: SIR JAMES DOUGLAS
by Robert Hamilton Coats and R. E. Gosnell
Toronto: Morang & Co., Limited, 1909
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
ISAAC NEWTON
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Sir Isaac Newton PRS (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727 [NS: 4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727])[1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived."[7] His monograph Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, lays the foundations for most of classical mechanics. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws, by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the Scientific Revolution.
The Principia is generally considered to be one of the most important scientific books ever written, due, independently, to the specific physical laws the work successfully described, and for the style of the work, which assisted in setting standards for scientific publication down to the present time. Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope[8] and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound. In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of differential and integral calculus. He also demonstrated the generalised binomial theorem, developed Newton's method for approximating the roots of a function, and contributed to the study of power series. Newton's work on infinite series was inspired by Simon Stevin's decimals.[9] Newton was also highly religious. He was an unorthodox Christian, and wrote more on Biblical hermeneutics and occult studies than on the subjects of science and mathematics. Newton secretly rejected Trinitarianism, fearing to be accused of refusing holy orders.[10]
For the balance of this article, go to Wikipedia.
Writings
Cambridge Digital Library: Newton Papers
Isaac Newton Theology, Prophecy, Science and Religion
The Newton Project
 |
| Godfrey Kneller's 1689 portrait of Isaac Newton (age 46) |
The Principia is generally considered to be one of the most important scientific books ever written, due, independently, to the specific physical laws the work successfully described, and for the style of the work, which assisted in setting standards for scientific publication down to the present time. Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope[8] and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound. In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of differential and integral calculus. He also demonstrated the generalised binomial theorem, developed Newton's method for approximating the roots of a function, and contributed to the study of power series. Newton's work on infinite series was inspired by Simon Stevin's decimals.[9] Newton was also highly religious. He was an unorthodox Christian, and wrote more on Biblical hermeneutics and occult studies than on the subjects of science and mathematics. Newton secretly rejected Trinitarianism, fearing to be accused of refusing holy orders.[10]
For the balance of this article, go to Wikipedia.
Writings
See also: Writing of Principia Mathematica
- Method of Fluxions (1671)
- Of Natures Obvious Laws & Processes in Vegetation (unpublished, c. 1671–75)[114]
- De motu corporum in gyrum (1684)
- Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
- Opticks (1704)
- Reports as Master of the Mint (1701–25)
- Arithmetica Universalis (1707)
- The System of the World, Optical Lectures, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms, (Amended) and De mundi systemate (published posthumously in 1728)
- Observations on Daniel and The Apocalypse of St. John (1733)
- An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture (1754)
________________________
Cambridge Digital Library: Newton Papers
Isaac Newton Theology, Prophecy, Science and Religion
The Newton Project
Tuesday, March 20, 2012
ALBERT EINSTEIN
 |
| Albert Einstein in 1921 |
/ˈælbərt ˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪnʃtaɪn] (
listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history.[2][3] While best known for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, he received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".[4] The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory within physics.Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the general theory of relativity. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe as a whole.[5]
He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He settled in the U.S., becoming a citizen in 1940.[6] On the eve of World War II, he helped alert President Franklin D. Roosevelt that Germany might be developing an atomic weapon, and recommended that the U.S. begin similar research; this eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project. Einstein was in support of defending the Allied forces, but largely denounced using the new discovery of nuclear fission as a weapon. Later, together with Bertrand Russell, Einstein signed the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955.
Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works.[5][7] His great intelligence and originality have made the word "Einstein" synonymous with genius.[8]
For the balance of this article, go to Wikipedia.
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Also from Wikipedia:
List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (1879–1955) was a renowned theoretical physicist of the 20th century, best known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made seminal contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.[1]
Einstein's scientific publications are listed below in four tables: journal articles, book chapters, books and authorized translations. Each publication is indexed in the first column by its number in the Schilpp bibliography (Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, pp. 694–730) and by its article number in Einstein's Collected Papers. Complete references for these two bibliographies may be found below in the Bibliography section. The Schilpp numbers are used for cross-referencing in the Notes (the final column of each table), since they cover a greater time period of Einstein's life at present. The English translations of titles are generally taken from the published volumes of the Collected Papers. For some publications, however, such official translations are not available; unofficial translations are indicated with a § superscript. Although the tables are presented in chronological order by default, each table can be re-arranged in alphabetical order for any column by the reader clicking on the arrows at the top of that column. For illustration, to re-order a table by subject—e.g., to group together articles that pertain to "General relativity" or "Specific heats"—one need only click on the arrows in the "Classification and Notes" columns. To print out the re-sorted table, one may print it directly by using the web-browser Print option; the "Printable version" link at the left gives only the default sorting. Collaborative works by Einstein are highlighted in lavender, with the co-author(s) provided in the final column of the table.
Einstein's many non-scientific works are not included here, to limit both the article's focus and size. The division of scientific and non-scientific works follows the Schilpp bibliography, which cites over 130 non-scientific works, often on humanitarian or political topics (pp. 730–746). Five volumes of Einstein's Collected Papers (volumes 1, 5, 8–10) are devoted to his correspondence, much of which is concerned with scientific questions. These letters are likewise not listed here, since they were not prepared for publication.
For the balance of this article, go to Wikipedia.
From the Spokesman-Review, March 20, 2012:
Einstein's scientific publications are listed below in four tables: journal articles, book chapters, books and authorized translations. Each publication is indexed in the first column by its number in the Schilpp bibliography (Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, pp. 694–730) and by its article number in Einstein's Collected Papers. Complete references for these two bibliographies may be found below in the Bibliography section. The Schilpp numbers are used for cross-referencing in the Notes (the final column of each table), since they cover a greater time period of Einstein's life at present. The English translations of titles are generally taken from the published volumes of the Collected Papers. For some publications, however, such official translations are not available; unofficial translations are indicated with a § superscript. Although the tables are presented in chronological order by default, each table can be re-arranged in alphabetical order for any column by the reader clicking on the arrows at the top of that column. For illustration, to re-order a table by subject—e.g., to group together articles that pertain to "General relativity" or "Specific heats"—one need only click on the arrows in the "Classification and Notes" columns. To print out the re-sorted table, one may print it directly by using the web-browser Print option; the "Printable version" link at the left gives only the default sorting. Collaborative works by Einstein are highlighted in lavender, with the co-author(s) provided in the final column of the table.
Einstein's many non-scientific works are not included here, to limit both the article's focus and size. The division of scientific and non-scientific works follows the Schilpp bibliography, which cites over 130 non-scientific works, often on humanitarian or political topics (pp. 730–746). Five volumes of Einstein's Collected Papers (volumes 1, 5, 8–10) are devoted to his correspondence, much of which is concerned with scientific questions. These letters are likewise not listed here, since they were not prepared for publication.
For the balance of this article, go to Wikipedia.
________________________
From the Spokesman-Review, March 20, 2012:
Daniel Estrin Associated Press
JERUSALEM – Albert Einstein’s complete archives – from personal correspondence with half a dozen lovers to notebooks scribbled with his groundbreaking scientific research – are going online for the first time. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which owns the German Jewish physicist’s papers, is pulling never-before seen items from its climate-controlled safe, photographing them in high resolution and posting them on the Internet – offering the public a nuanced and fuller portrait of the man behind the scientific genius.
Only 900 manuscript images, and an incomplete catalog listing just half of the archive’s contents, had been posted online since 2003. Now, with a grant from the Polonsky Foundation UK, which previously helped digitize Isaac Newton’s papers, all 80,000 items from the Einstein collection have been cataloged and enhanced with cross-referencing technology.
The updated Web portal, unveiled Monday, features the full inventory of the Einstein archives, publicizing for the first time the entirety of what’s inside the collection and giving scholars a chance to request access to items they previously never knew existed.
“Knowledge is not about hiding. It’s about openness,” said Menachem Ben Sasson, president of the Hebrew University.
Einstein, the Nobel Prize-winning physicist whose theory of relativity revolutionized science, was one of the founders of the university. He contributed the original manuscript of his famed theory to the university when it was founded in 1925, four years after he was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics. He bequeathed the rest of his papers to the university upon his death in 1955.
The portal now offers a close look at an initial 7,000 pages from Einstein’s personal and public life up to the year 1921. In the coming years, archivists will slowly upload the remainder of the collection.
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