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Wednesday, April 25, 2012
Tuesday, April 24, 2012
ADAMS, HENRY BROOKS
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Henry Brooks Adams Harvard graduation photo, 1858 |
He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Charles Francis Adams Sr. (1807–1886) and Abigail Brooks (1808–1889) into one of the country's most prominent families.[1] Both his paternal grandfather, John Quincy Adams, and great grandfather, John Adams, one of the most prominent among the Founding Fathers, had been U.S. Presidents, his maternal grandfather was a millionaire, and another great grandfather, Nathaniel Gorham, signed the Constitution.
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Writings
1876 (in collaboration with Henry Cabot Lodge, Ernest Young and J. L. Laughlin). Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law.
1879. Life of Albert Gallatin .
1879 (ed.). The Writings of Albert Gallatin (3 volumes).
1880. Democracy (novel)
1882. John Randolph.
1884. Esther: A Novel (facsimile ed., 1938, Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, ISBN 978-0-8201-1187-2).
1889-1891. History of the United States During the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
1891. Historical Essays.
1893. Tahiti: Memoirs of Arii Taimai e Marama of Eimee ... Last Queen of Tahiti (facsimile of 1901 Paris ed., 1947 Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, ISBN 978-0-8201-1213-8).
1904. Mont Saint Michel and Chartres.
1911. The Life of George Cabot Lodge (facsimile ed.. 1978, Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, ISBN 978-0-8201-1316-6).
1918. The Education of Henry Adams.
Adams, H. (1919). The Degradation of the Democratic Dogma. New York: Kessinger. ISBN 1-4179-1598-6.
1930-38. Letters. Edited by W. C. Ford. 2 vols.
ADAMS, BROOKS
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Brooks Adams, photographed in 1910 |
He believed that commercial civilizations rise and fall in predictable cycles. First, masses of people draw together in large population centers and engage in commercial activities. As their desire for wealth grows, they discard spiritual and creative values. Their greed leads to distrust and dishonesty, and eventually the society crumbles. In The Law of Civilization and Decay (1895), Adams noted that as new population centers emerged in the west, centers of world trade shifted from Constantinople to Venice to Amsterdam to London. He predicted in America's Economic Supremacy (1900) that New York would become the world trade center.
Adams was a great-grandson of John Adams, a grandson of John Quincy Adams, the youngest son of U.S. diplomat Charles Francis Adams, and brother to Henry Brooks Adams, philosopher, historian, and novelist, whose theories of history were influenced by his work. His maternal grandfather was Peter Chardon Brooks, the wealthiest man in Boston at the time of his death. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1918.
The 1900 US Census shows Brooks Adams as living in Quincy, Mass. The Census report also shows he married Evelyn Davis around 1890. The census does not show the couple having any children.
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Works
The Emancipation of Massachusetts (1887)
The Gold Standard: An Historical Study (1894)
The Law of Civilization and Decay (1895)
America's Economic Supremacy (1900)
The New Empire (1902)
Theory of Social Revolutions (1913)
ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| John Quincy Adams Painting by Geo. P.A. Healy |
As president, he sought to modernize the American economy and promoted education. Adams enacted a part of his agenda and paid off much of the national debt. He was stymied by a Congress controlled by his enemies, and his lack of patronage networks helped politicians eager to undercut him. He lost his 1828 bid for re-election to Andrew Jackson. In doing so, he became the first President since his father to serve a single term.
Adams is best known as a diplomat who shaped America's foreign policy in line with his ardently nationalist commitment to America's republican values. More recently Howe (2007) portrayed Adams as the exemplar and moral leader in an era of modernization. During Adams' lifetime, technological innovations and new means of communication spread messages of religious revival, social reform, and party politics. Goods, money and people traveled more rapidly and efficiently than ever before.
Adams was elected a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts after leaving office, the only president ever to be so, serving for the last 17 years of his life with far greater success than he had achieved in the presidency. Animated by his growing revulsion against slavery,[7] Adams became a leading opponent of the Slave Power. He predicted that if a civil war were to break out, the president could abolish slavery by using his war powers. Adams also predicted the Union's dissolution over the slavery issue, but said that if the South became independent there would be a series of bloody slave revolts.
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For Memoirs, see under Charles Francis Adams in this blog.
ADAMS, JOHN
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
John Adams (October 30, 1735 (O.S. October 19, 1735) – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, lawyer, statesman, diplomat and political theorist. A leading champion of independence in 1776, he was the second President of the United States (1797–1801). Hailing from New England, Adams, a prominent lawyer and public figure in Boston, was highly educated and represented Enlightenment values promoting republicanism. A Federalist, he was highly influential and one of the key Founding Fathers of the United States.,_2nd_president_of_the_United_States,_by_Asher_B__Durand_(1767-1845)-crop.jpg) |
| John Adams Painting by Asher B. Durand |
Adams came to prominence in the early stages of the American Revolution. As a delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress, he played a leading role in persuading Congress to declare independence and assisted Jefferson in drafting the Declaration of Independence. As a diplomat in Europe, he was a major negotiator of the eventual peace treaty with Great Britain, and chiefly responsible for obtaining important loans from Amsterdam bankers. A political theorist and historian, Adams largely wrote the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780 which soon after ended slavery in Massachusetts, but was in Europe when the federal Constitution was drafted on similar principles later in the decade. One of his greatest roles was as a judge of character: in 1775, he nominated George Washington to be commander-in-chief, and 25 years later nominated John Marshall to be Chief Justice of the United States.
Adams' revolutionary credentials secured him two terms as George Washington's vice president and his own election in 1796 as the second president. During his one term, he encountered ferocious attacks by the Jeffersonian Republicans, as well as the dominant faction in his own Federalist Party led by his bitter enemy Alexander Hamilton. Adams signed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts, and built up the army and navy especially in the face of an undeclared naval war (called the "Quasi-War") with France, 1798–1800. The major accomplishment of his presidency was his peaceful resolution of the conflict in the face of Hamilton's opposition.
In 1800 Adams was defeated for re-election by Thomas Jefferson and retired to Massachusetts. He later resumed his friendship with Jefferson. He and his wife, Abigail Adams, founded an accomplished family line of politicians, diplomats, and historians now referred to as the Adams political family. Adams was the father of John Quincy Adams, the sixth President of the United States. His achievements have received greater recognition in modern times, though his contributions were not initially as celebrated as those of other Founders.
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For Works, see under Charles Francis Adams in this blog.
ADAMS, ABIGAIL
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Abigail Adams (née Smith; November 22 [O.S. November 11] 1744 – October 28, 1818) was the wife of John Adams, who was the second President of the United States, and the mother of John Quincy Adams, the sixth. She was the first Second Lady of the United States, and the second First Lady of the United States.
Adams is remembered for the many letters she wrote to her husband while he stayed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the Continental Congresses. John frequently sought the advice of Abigail on many matters, and their letters are filled with intellectual discussions on government and politics. The letters serve as eyewitness accounts of the American Revolutionary War home front.
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For Letters, see under Charles Francis Adams in this blog.
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| Abigail Adams |
Adams is remembered for the many letters she wrote to her husband while he stayed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the Continental Congresses. John frequently sought the advice of Abigail on many matters, and their letters are filled with intellectual discussions on government and politics. The letters serve as eyewitness accounts of the American Revolutionary War home front.
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For Letters, see under Charles Francis Adams in this blog.
ADAMS-ONIS TREATY
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty or the Purchase of Florida, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that gave Florida to the U.S. and set out a boundary between the U.S. and New Spain (now Mexico). It settled a standing border dispute between the two countries and was considered a triumph of American diplomacy. It came in the midst of increasing tensions between the U.S. and Spain regarding territorial rights at a time of weakened Spanish power. In addition to ceding Florida to the United States, the treaty settled a boundary dispute along the Sabine River in Texas and firmly established the boundary of U.S. territory and claims through the Rocky Mountains and west to the Pacific Ocean, in exchange for the U.S. paying residents' claims against the Spanish government up to a total of $5,000,000 and relinquishing its own claims on parts of Texas west of the Sabine River and other Spanish areas under the terms of the Louisiana Purchase.
Monday, April 23, 2012
Charles Colson, Watergate felon and prison reformer, dies at 80
By TIMOTHY M. PHELPS
Los Angeles Times
WASHINGTON -- Watergate felon and prison reformer Charles W. Colson, who died Saturday at age 80 in Northern Virginia, was two people.
He was Richard Nixon's "hatchet man," the president's "evil genius," who by his own admission was "ruthless in getting things done" in the Watergate years, when the things that he and others in the White House were getting done would become a national disgrace and send Colson to prison.
And he was a born-again Christian, the founder of the world's largest prison ministry, an "unfailingly kind but tremendously courageous" intellectual leader who became the "William F. Buckley" of the evangelical movement.
Colson died from complications resulting from a brain hemorrhage at Fairfax Inova Hospital, a spokesman for his ministry said. He had undergone surgery three weeks ago to remove a pool of clotted blood on his brain.
"He had this reputation as being this ruthless guy. Even Richard Nixon thought he was ruthless," said Richard Land, president of the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, who compared Colson to Buckley. "That is so different than the Chuck Colson I knew. He was the least ego-driven and one of the most friendly, kind people I've ever known."
Conversion was genuine, humbling
The fact that Colson was "born again" into evangelical Christianity as he was about to be charged in the Watergate scandal caused much snickering in the press. But Colson's conversion proved genuine and lasting. After serving seven months, mostly at the Maxwell Correctional Facility in Alabama, he founded Prison Fellowship Ministries, which says it operates in 1,367 prisons in the U.S. and has more than 200,000 inmates participating in its programs.
Colson turned PFM into a respected conglomerate of organizations and programs dedicated to serving prisoners, ex-prisoners and their families and encouraging them to embrace Jesus Christ. And as his organization grew, so did his fame with evangelicals. His daily four-minute BreakPoint radio commentary was carried by 1,300 stations.
But, unlike the Pat Robertsons or Jerry Falwells of the evangelical movement, Colson never sought the limelight. "I haven't sought publicity in the Christian world," he told The Los Angeles Times in 1987. "I've stayed out of religious politics. Falwell is in the middle of it. Jim and Tammy Bakker, Pat Robertson .... I've stayed away. It hasn't been my calling."
And unlike some others in his world, he apparently never amassed great personal wealth from his work. He took an annual salary of $113,000 from his prison groups and donated all royalties from his 30 books, substantial speaking fees, and the $1 million Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion he was awarded in London in 1993 to his prison fellowship.
But whether Colson will be known more for his good works or his bad may depend on which audience is remembering.
Behind enemies list, Ellsberg burglary
For the survivors of the Watergate era, Colson was one of the central figures in the scandals generally grouped together under the rubric of Watergate. Appointed special counsel to the Republican president in 1969, he was the author of the famous Nixon Enemies List. He was a central figure behind the 1971 burglary of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrists' office, a vicious attempt to discredit the source of the "Pentagon Papers" Vietnam War documents.
John Dean, Nixon's White House counsel and later nemesis, said in an interview that Colson was "the catalyst" for the more famous break-in at Democratic Party headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington. Dean said Colson pressured the president's re-election committee to approve the "intelligence activities" of G. Gordon Liddy and Howard Hunt, leaders of the so-called White House plumbers.
Dean, who himself became Colson's target when Dean started to cooperate with Watergate prosecutors, said that Colson's ruthlessness may have been overstated.
"He was extremely aggressive in trying to get Nixon's policies and programs passed, as well as for his politics to succeed," Dean said. "He was very bright, very able, and fairly expedient. He didn't have strong moral qualms about what he was doing."
Dean said though Colson "tried to destroy me," the two "buried the hatchet" while they were both being held at Fort Holabird in Baltimore. "Chuck apologized for it and said he was sorry, that he put out a lot of false information and regretted doing it."
Dean said that the two were friendly for a number of years, until Colson despaired of converting him to his evangelical beliefs.
Claim of repentance doubted by some
Less charitable to Colson is Ellsberg. Though Colson was charged in both with the Watergate and the Ellsberg burglaries, he was allowed to plead guilty only to obstruction of justice in the Ellsberg matter.
Ellsberg, who like Colson had been a young officer in the Marines, said in an interview that Colson was also behind a failed plot to have him beaten up during an anti-war demonstration at the Capitol by a dozen Cubans brought to Washington by Hunt and Liddy.
Ellsberg said that Colson always denied involvement in that plot, despite testimony from others to the contrary and, while he admitted doing many bad things during Watergate, he failed to adequately own up to the specifics of what he had done.
"In short, I think Colson had a lot he could have told. His 'born again' experience didn't entirely take when it came to coming clean," Ellsberg said.
Colson was born Oct. 16, 1931, outside Boston, the grandson of Swedish and English immigrants. He graduated from Brown University and, after serving from 1953 to 1955 in the Marines, where he became its youngest-ever company commander, went to work for Sen. Leveret Saltonstall, R-Mass., while going to law school at George Washington University in District of Columbia at night.
After starting his own, successful law firm in Washington in the 1960s, he was appointed special counsel to Nixon in 1969.
After he got out of prison in 1975 he published his first book, the memoir "Born Again," a bestseller that was made into a movie.
In his later years he lived in Naples, Fla., with his second wife, Patricia Ann Hughes, who survives him. They also maintained an apartment outside Washington. He is also survived by three children, from his first marriage to Nancy Billings, and five grandchildren.
Though always conservative, except when he was advocating for fewer prisons and for the release of nonviolent prisoners, he was not very active politically on the national stage after his White House years. But he told the New York Times two years ago that, though he had had high hopes for President Barack Obama, he had become "totally disillusioned" with the president. "I think he has turned out to be an ideologue," he said.
Though Colson will have a split legacy, for evangelicals he will be remembered as a hero.
"If there were an evangelical Mt. Rushmore, Chuck would be on it," Land said.
This article also appeared in the Spokesman-Review on April 22, 2012
Los Angeles Times
 |
| Former white house lawyer and Watergate figure Charles Colson gestures while addressing a luncheon at the National Press Club in 1993 |
WASHINGTON -- Watergate felon and prison reformer Charles W. Colson, who died Saturday at age 80 in Northern Virginia, was two people.
He was Richard Nixon's "hatchet man," the president's "evil genius," who by his own admission was "ruthless in getting things done" in the Watergate years, when the things that he and others in the White House were getting done would become a national disgrace and send Colson to prison.
And he was a born-again Christian, the founder of the world's largest prison ministry, an "unfailingly kind but tremendously courageous" intellectual leader who became the "William F. Buckley" of the evangelical movement.
Colson died from complications resulting from a brain hemorrhage at Fairfax Inova Hospital, a spokesman for his ministry said. He had undergone surgery three weeks ago to remove a pool of clotted blood on his brain.
"He had this reputation as being this ruthless guy. Even Richard Nixon thought he was ruthless," said Richard Land, president of the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, who compared Colson to Buckley. "That is so different than the Chuck Colson I knew. He was the least ego-driven and one of the most friendly, kind people I've ever known."
Conversion was genuine, humbling
The fact that Colson was "born again" into evangelical Christianity as he was about to be charged in the Watergate scandal caused much snickering in the press. But Colson's conversion proved genuine and lasting. After serving seven months, mostly at the Maxwell Correctional Facility in Alabama, he founded Prison Fellowship Ministries, which says it operates in 1,367 prisons in the U.S. and has more than 200,000 inmates participating in its programs.
Colson turned PFM into a respected conglomerate of organizations and programs dedicated to serving prisoners, ex-prisoners and their families and encouraging them to embrace Jesus Christ. And as his organization grew, so did his fame with evangelicals. His daily four-minute BreakPoint radio commentary was carried by 1,300 stations.
But, unlike the Pat Robertsons or Jerry Falwells of the evangelical movement, Colson never sought the limelight. "I haven't sought publicity in the Christian world," he told The Los Angeles Times in 1987. "I've stayed out of religious politics. Falwell is in the middle of it. Jim and Tammy Bakker, Pat Robertson .... I've stayed away. It hasn't been my calling."
And unlike some others in his world, he apparently never amassed great personal wealth from his work. He took an annual salary of $113,000 from his prison groups and donated all royalties from his 30 books, substantial speaking fees, and the $1 million Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion he was awarded in London in 1993 to his prison fellowship.
But whether Colson will be known more for his good works or his bad may depend on which audience is remembering.
Behind enemies list, Ellsberg burglary
For the survivors of the Watergate era, Colson was one of the central figures in the scandals generally grouped together under the rubric of Watergate. Appointed special counsel to the Republican president in 1969, he was the author of the famous Nixon Enemies List. He was a central figure behind the 1971 burglary of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrists' office, a vicious attempt to discredit the source of the "Pentagon Papers" Vietnam War documents.
John Dean, Nixon's White House counsel and later nemesis, said in an interview that Colson was "the catalyst" for the more famous break-in at Democratic Party headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington. Dean said Colson pressured the president's re-election committee to approve the "intelligence activities" of G. Gordon Liddy and Howard Hunt, leaders of the so-called White House plumbers.
Dean, who himself became Colson's target when Dean started to cooperate with Watergate prosecutors, said that Colson's ruthlessness may have been overstated.
"He was extremely aggressive in trying to get Nixon's policies and programs passed, as well as for his politics to succeed," Dean said. "He was very bright, very able, and fairly expedient. He didn't have strong moral qualms about what he was doing."
Dean said though Colson "tried to destroy me," the two "buried the hatchet" while they were both being held at Fort Holabird in Baltimore. "Chuck apologized for it and said he was sorry, that he put out a lot of false information and regretted doing it."
Dean said that the two were friendly for a number of years, until Colson despaired of converting him to his evangelical beliefs.
Claim of repentance doubted by some
Less charitable to Colson is Ellsberg. Though Colson was charged in both with the Watergate and the Ellsberg burglaries, he was allowed to plead guilty only to obstruction of justice in the Ellsberg matter.
Ellsberg, who like Colson had been a young officer in the Marines, said in an interview that Colson was also behind a failed plot to have him beaten up during an anti-war demonstration at the Capitol by a dozen Cubans brought to Washington by Hunt and Liddy.
Ellsberg said that Colson always denied involvement in that plot, despite testimony from others to the contrary and, while he admitted doing many bad things during Watergate, he failed to adequately own up to the specifics of what he had done.
"In short, I think Colson had a lot he could have told. His 'born again' experience didn't entirely take when it came to coming clean," Ellsberg said.
Colson was born Oct. 16, 1931, outside Boston, the grandson of Swedish and English immigrants. He graduated from Brown University and, after serving from 1953 to 1955 in the Marines, where he became its youngest-ever company commander, went to work for Sen. Leveret Saltonstall, R-Mass., while going to law school at George Washington University in District of Columbia at night.
After starting his own, successful law firm in Washington in the 1960s, he was appointed special counsel to Nixon in 1969.
After he got out of prison in 1975 he published his first book, the memoir "Born Again," a bestseller that was made into a movie.
In his later years he lived in Naples, Fla., with his second wife, Patricia Ann Hughes, who survives him. They also maintained an apartment outside Washington. He is also survived by three children, from his first marriage to Nancy Billings, and five grandchildren.
Though always conservative, except when he was advocating for fewer prisons and for the release of nonviolent prisoners, he was not very active politically on the national stage after his White House years. But he told the New York Times two years ago that, though he had had high hopes for President Barack Obama, he had become "totally disillusioned" with the president. "I think he has turned out to be an ideologue," he said.
Though Colson will have a split legacy, for evangelicals he will be remembered as a hero.
"If there were an evangelical Mt. Rushmore, Chuck would be on it," Land said.
This article also appeared in the Spokesman-Review on April 22, 2012
Saturday, April 21, 2012
RAILROAD HISTORY
BIG BEND RAILROAD HISTORY
Produced by the son of one of my classmates in the Coulee City Schools, "This blog features historical information on the railroad lines of the Big Bend/Columbia Plateau region of Washington state."
CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD
Photographic History Museum
Website also has large online library. Click on History.
Of particular interest under "Explorations and Surveys, c. 1853" is:
Reports of Explorations and Surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, made under the direction of the Secretary of War, in 1853-4. Volumes I-XII. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1855-61.
GN-NP Archive
The Joint Archives of the Great Northern Railway Historical Society (GNRHS) and Northern Pacific Railway Historical Association (NPRHA). Both organizations are dedicated to the preservation and history of these two railroads, predecessors to today's BNSF Railway. The Joint Archives physically reside at Jackson Street Roundhouse in St. Paul, MN, with an additional Pacific Northwest Railroad Archive facility under development, and comprise hundreds of thousands of files, drawings, books, photos and physical artifacts. These items are old, often delicate, and irreplaceable, so this website is dedicated to making as much material as possible available in digital form to members, researchers and the general public.
VANGUARD OF EXPANSION
Army Engineers in the Trans-Mississippi West, 1819-1879
by Frank N. Schubert
History Division, Office of Administrative Services
Office of the Chief of Engineers, August 1980
Of particular interest is Chapter VI, Pacific Railroad Surveys
THE CREDIT MOBILIER OF AMERICA IT'S ORIGIN AND HISTORY
IT'S WORK OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD AND THE RELATION OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS THEREWITH.
by J. B. (JAY BOYD) CRAWFORD
BOSTON. C.W. CALKINS & CO. 1880
HISTORY OF THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD
by Eugene V. Smalley
New York. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1883.
Produced by the son of one of my classmates in the Coulee City Schools, "This blog features historical information on the railroad lines of the Big Bend/Columbia Plateau region of Washington state."
CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD
Photographic History Museum
Website also has large online library. Click on History.
Of particular interest under "Explorations and Surveys, c. 1853" is:
Reports of Explorations and Surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, made under the direction of the Secretary of War, in 1853-4. Volumes I-XII. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1855-61.
GN-NP Archive
The Joint Archives of the Great Northern Railway Historical Society (GNRHS) and Northern Pacific Railway Historical Association (NPRHA). Both organizations are dedicated to the preservation and history of these two railroads, predecessors to today's BNSF Railway. The Joint Archives physically reside at Jackson Street Roundhouse in St. Paul, MN, with an additional Pacific Northwest Railroad Archive facility under development, and comprise hundreds of thousands of files, drawings, books, photos and physical artifacts. These items are old, often delicate, and irreplaceable, so this website is dedicated to making as much material as possible available in digital form to members, researchers and the general public.
VANGUARD OF EXPANSION
Army Engineers in the Trans-Mississippi West, 1819-1879
by Frank N. Schubert
History Division, Office of Administrative Services
Office of the Chief of Engineers, August 1980
Of particular interest is Chapter VI, Pacific Railroad Surveys
THE CREDIT MOBILIER OF AMERICA IT'S ORIGIN AND HISTORY
IT'S WORK OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD AND THE RELATION OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS THEREWITH.
by J. B. (JAY BOYD) CRAWFORD
BOSTON. C.W. CALKINS & CO. 1880
HISTORY OF THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD
by Eugene V. Smalley
New York. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1883.
UNITED STATES, GOVERNMENT OF THE
Website: http://www.usa.gov/
The World Factbook
The World Factbook is prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency for the use of US Government.
Here accessed through the NASA/GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER website.
NASA Home
Library of Congress Home
The Library of Congress is the nation's oldest federal cultural institution and serves as the research arm of Congress. It is also the largest library in the world, with millions of books, recordings, photographs, maps and manuscripts in its collections. The Library's mission is to support the Congress in fulfilling its constitutional duties and to further the progress of knowledge and creativity for the benefit of the American people.
Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
WELCOME TO USA.GOV/GOVERNMENT BENEFITS
The World Factbook
The World Factbook is prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency for the use of US Government.
Here accessed through the NASA/GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER website.
NASA Home
Library of Congress Home
The Library of Congress is the nation's oldest federal cultural institution and serves as the research arm of Congress. It is also the largest library in the world, with millions of books, recordings, photographs, maps and manuscripts in its collections. The Library's mission is to support the Congress in fulfilling its constitutional duties and to further the progress of knowledge and creativity for the benefit of the American people.
Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
WELCOME TO USA.GOV/GOVERNMENT BENEFITS
Friday, April 20, 2012
Hiram M. Chittenden
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Hiram M. Chittenden, 1916 |
Hiram Martin Chittenden (1858–1917) was a leading historian of the American West, especially the fur trade. A graduate of West Point, he was the Seattle district engineer for the Army Corps of Engineers (April 1906 – September 1908) for whom the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks in Seattle, Washington, were named. Dodds says, "His works on the Yellowstone, the fur trade, and on Missouri River steamboating were long recognized as definitive....His style was formal, clear, and undramatic. His works contain a mass of detail. He was typical of the Progressive era of American history in his strong belief in progress and in 'the divine mission of the Anglo-Saxon.
WRITINGS (edited)
Chittenden is best known as a scholar with historical volumes, tour guides, and poetry:
The Yellowstone National Park, Cincinnati: Stewart & Kidd Company, 1895.
The American fur trade of the far West
A History of the Pioneer Trading Posts and Early Fur Companies of the Missouri Valley and the Rocky Mountains and the Overland Commerce with Santa Fe.
New York. F.P. Harper. (Three volumes) 1902
Vol. I Vol. II Vol. III
History of early steamboat navigation on the Missouri river: life and adventures of Joseph La Barge
New York. Francis P. Harper. (1903). (Two volumes)
Vol. I Vol. II
Life and Letters of Father de Smet’ with A. T. Richardson, 1905. (Four volumes)
Vol. I Vol. II Vol. III Vol. IV
War or Peace, 1910.
The Yellowstone National Park: Historical and Descriptive
Cincinnati. Stewart & Kidd company. 1920
Verse, Seattle: Holly Press, 1916. (poetry)
John Jacob Astor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Oil painting by Gilbert Stuart, 1794 |
John Jacob Astor (July 17, 1763 – March 29, 1848), born Johann Jakob Astor, was a German-American business magnate, merchant and investor who was the first prominent member of the Astor family and the first multi-millionaire in the United States. He was the creator of the first trust in America.
He went to the United States following the American Revolutionary War and built a fur-trading empire that extended to the Great Lakes region and Canada, and later expanded into the American West and Pacific coast. He also got involved in smuggling opium. In the early 19th century he diversified into New York City real estate and later became a famed patron of the arts.
LOWIE, ROBERT HARRY
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Robert Harry Lowie (born German: Robert Heinrich Löwe; June 12, 1883 – September 21, 1957) was an Austrian-born American anthropologist. An expert on North American Indians, he was instrumental in the development of modern anthropology.
Lowie was born in Vienna, but came to the United States in 1893. He graduated from the College of the City of New York (A.B.) in 1901, and from Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1908, where he studied under Franz Boas. In 1909, he became assistant curator at the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Influenced by Clark Wissler, Lowie became a specialist in American Indians. In 1917, he became assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley. From 1925 until his retirement in 1950, he was professor of anthropology at Berkeley, where, along with Alfred Louis Kroeber, he was a central figure in anthropological scholarship.
Lowie made numerous field expeditions to the Great Plains and did significant ethnographic fieldwork among the Arikara, Shoshone, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Crow peoples. He also spent shorter field periods among other peoples of the American Southwest and South America.
His theoretical orientation was within the Boasian mainstream of anthropological thought, emphasizing cultural relativism and opposed to the cultural evolutionism of the Victorian era. Like many prominent anthropologists of the day, including Boas, his scholarship originated in the German idealism and romanticism espoused by earlier thinkers such as Johann Gottfried Herder.
WRITINGS
His principal works include:
The Assiniboine, (1909)
Societies of the Arikara Indians, (1914)
Dances and Societies of the Plains Shoshones, (1915)
Notes on the social Organization and Customs of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Crow Indians, (1917)
Culture and Ethnology, (1917)
Plains Indian Age Societies, (1917)
Myths and Traditions of the Crow Indians, (1918)
The Matrilineal Complex, (1919)
University of California Press, Berkeley
The Tobacco Society of the Crow Indians
IN Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XXI, Part II
Primitive Society, (1919)
The religion of the Crow Indians, (1922)
The Material Culture of the Crow Indians, (1922)
Crow Indian Art, (1922)
Psychology and Anthropology of Races, (1923)
Primitive Religion, (1924) ?
The Origin of the State, (1927)
The Crow Indians, (1935)
Primitive Religion, (1936)
London: George Routledge and Sons, Ltd.
History of Ethnological Theory, (1937)
The German People, (1945)
Social Organization, (1948)
Towards Understanding Germany, (1954)
Robert H. Lowie, Ethnologist; A Personal Record, (1959)
Lowie was born in Vienna, but came to the United States in 1893. He graduated from the College of the City of New York (A.B.) in 1901, and from Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1908, where he studied under Franz Boas. In 1909, he became assistant curator at the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Influenced by Clark Wissler, Lowie became a specialist in American Indians. In 1917, he became assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley. From 1925 until his retirement in 1950, he was professor of anthropology at Berkeley, where, along with Alfred Louis Kroeber, he was a central figure in anthropological scholarship.
Lowie made numerous field expeditions to the Great Plains and did significant ethnographic fieldwork among the Arikara, Shoshone, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Crow peoples. He also spent shorter field periods among other peoples of the American Southwest and South America.
His theoretical orientation was within the Boasian mainstream of anthropological thought, emphasizing cultural relativism and opposed to the cultural evolutionism of the Victorian era. Like many prominent anthropologists of the day, including Boas, his scholarship originated in the German idealism and romanticism espoused by earlier thinkers such as Johann Gottfried Herder.
WRITINGS
His principal works include:
The Assiniboine, (1909)
Societies of the Arikara Indians, (1914)
Dances and Societies of the Plains Shoshones, (1915)
Notes on the social Organization and Customs of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Crow Indians, (1917)
Culture and Ethnology, (1917)
Plains Indian Age Societies, (1917)
Myths and Traditions of the Crow Indians, (1918)
The Matrilineal Complex, (1919)
University of California Press, Berkeley
The Tobacco Society of the Crow Indians
IN Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XXI, Part II
Primitive Society, (1919)
The religion of the Crow Indians, (1922)
The Material Culture of the Crow Indians, (1922)
Crow Indian Art, (1922)
Psychology and Anthropology of Races, (1923)
Primitive Religion, (1924) ?
The Origin of the State, (1927)
The Crow Indians, (1935)
Primitive Religion, (1936)
London: George Routledge and Sons, Ltd.
History of Ethnological Theory, (1937)
The German People, (1945)
Social Organization, (1948)
Towards Understanding Germany, (1954)
Robert H. Lowie, Ethnologist; A Personal Record, (1959)
Canadian Websites & Links
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Thursday, April 19, 2012
Utah (UT)
Website: http://www.utah.gov/
EXPLORATION AND SURVEY OF THE VALLEY OF THE GREAT SALT LAKE OF UTAH
INCLUDING A RECONNOISSANCE OF A NEW ROUTE THROUGH THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
BY HOWARD STANSBURY
PHILADELPHIA: LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO & CO. 1852
EXPLORATION AND SURVEY OF THE VALLEY OF THE GREAT SALT LAKE OF UTAH
INCLUDING A RECONNOISSANCE OF A NEW ROUTE THROUGH THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
BY HOWARD STANSBURY
PHILADELPHIA: LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO & CO. 1852
Wednesday, April 18, 2012
Oregon (OR)
Website: http://www.oregon.gov/
____________
OREGON AS IT IS
Published for Gratuitous Distribution by the State Board of Immigration
Portland, Nov., 1885.
Ohio (OH)
Website: http://www.ohio.gov/
THE OFFICIAL OHIO LANDS BOOK
Written by Dr. George W. Knepper
This book is a publication of The Auditor of State
88 East Broad Street
Columbus, Ohio 43216-1140
www.auditor.state.oh.us
North Dakota (ND)
Website: http://www.nd.gov/
____________
THE EARLY EMPIRE BUILDERS OF THE GREAT WEST
BY MOSES K. ARMSTRONG
ST. PAUL, MINN. E. W. PORTER 1901
____________
THE EARLY EMPIRE BUILDERS OF THE GREAT WEST
BY MOSES K. ARMSTRONG
ST. PAUL, MINN. E. W. PORTER 1901
Missouri (MO)
Website: http://www.mo.gov/
____________
University of Missouri Digital Library:
Missouri: Its History, Geology, Culture
Missouri County Histories
____________
NOTES OF A MILITARY RECONNOISSANCE FROM FORT LEVENWORTH, IN MISSOURI, TO SAN DIEGO, IN CALIFORNIA, INCLUDING PARTS OF THE ARKANSAS, DEL NORTE, AND GILA RIVERS.
BY W. H. EMORY
WASHINGTON: WENDELL AND VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTERS. 1848
____________
____________
University of Missouri Digital Library:
Missouri: Its History, Geology, Culture
Missouri County Histories
____________
NOTES OF A MILITARY RECONNOISSANCE FROM FORT LEVENWORTH, IN MISSOURI, TO SAN DIEGO, IN CALIFORNIA, INCLUDING PARTS OF THE ARKANSAS, DEL NORTE, AND GILA RIVERS.
BY W. H. EMORY
WASHINGTON: WENDELL AND VAN BENTHUYSEN, PRINTERS. 1848
____________
Mississippi (MS)
Website: www.ms.gov
THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY IN BRITISH POLITICS
A STUDY OF THE TRADE, LAND SPECULATION, AND EXPERIMENTS
IN IMPERIALISM CULMINATING IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
BY CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD
THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY, CLEVELAND, 1917
Vol. I Vol. II
THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY IN BRITISH POLITICS
A STUDY OF THE TRADE, LAND SPECULATION, AND EXPERIMENTS
IN IMPERIALISM CULMINATING IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
BY CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD
THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY, CLEVELAND, 1917
Vol. I Vol. II
Minnesota (MN)
Website: www.state.mn.us
Illustrated Album of Biography of the Famous
Valley of the Red River of the North and Park Regions,
Including the Most Fertile and Widely Known Portions of
Minnesota and North Dakota.
Chicago: Alden, Ogle and Company, 1889.
Illustrated Album of Biography of the Famous
Valley of the Red River of the North and Park Regions,
Including the Most Fertile and Widely Known Portions of
Minnesota and North Dakota.
Chicago: Alden, Ogle and Company, 1889.
Massachusetts (MA)
Website: www.mass.gov
Find Books & Magazines Online > Digital Collections
http://mblc.state.ma.us/books/digital/index.php
Find Books & Magazines Online > Digital Collections
http://mblc.state.ma.us/books/digital/index.php
Maryland (MD)
Website: http://www.maryland.gov/
____________
REPORT OF THE AGENTS REPRESENTING THE STATE IN JOINT STOCK COMPANIES, TO THE LEGISLATURE OF MARYLAND
IN WHICH THE REPORT OF COLONEL J. J. ABERT, ON MATTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHES. & OHIO CANAL COMPANY, IS REVIEWED AND ANSWERED. February 5, 1844
REPORT IN REFERENCE TO THE CANAL TO CONNECT THE CHESAPEAK AND OHIO CANAL WITH THE CITY OF BALTIMORE
BY COLONEL J. J. ABERT. 1838.
____________
REPORT OF THE AGENTS REPRESENTING THE STATE IN JOINT STOCK COMPANIES, TO THE LEGISLATURE OF MARYLAND
IN WHICH THE REPORT OF COLONEL J. J. ABERT, ON MATTERS CONNECTED WITH THE CHES. & OHIO CANAL COMPANY, IS REVIEWED AND ANSWERED. February 5, 1844
REPORT IN REFERENCE TO THE CANAL TO CONNECT THE CHESAPEAK AND OHIO CANAL WITH THE CITY OF BALTIMORE
BY COLONEL J. J. ABERT. 1838.
Illinois (IL)
Website: http://www.illinois.gov/
____________
THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY IN BRITISH POLITICS
A STUDY OF THE TRADE, LAND SPECULATION, AND EXPERIMENTS
IN IMPERIALISM CULMINATING IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
BY CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD
THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY, CLEVELAND, 1917
Vol. I Vol. II
____________
THE CENTENIAL HISTORY OF ILLINOIS
CHICAGO. A. C. McCLURG & CO. 1922.
Vol. I: THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY 1673-1818
by CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD
Vol. II: THE FRONTIER STATE 1818-1848
by THEODORE CALVIN PEASE
Vol. III: THE ERA OF THE CIVIL WAR 1848-1870
by ARTHUR CHARLES COLE
Vol. IV: THE INDUSTRIAL STATE 1870-1893
by ERNEST LUDLOW BOGART and CHARLES MANFRED THOMPSON
Vol. V: THE MODERN COMMONWEALTH 1893-1918
by EARNEST LUDLOW BOGART and JOHN MABRY MATHEWS
____________
THE FIRST EXPLORATIONS OF THE TRANS-ALLEGHENY REGION BY THE VIRGINIANS 1650-1674
by CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD and LEE BIDGOOD
THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY, CLEVELAND, 1912.
____________
THE COUNTY OF ILLINOIS
by CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD
(PHD Thesis) Published by the Author
CHICAGO. THE LAKESIDE PRESS. 1907.
____________
THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY IN BRITISH POLITICS
A STUDY OF THE TRADE, LAND SPECULATION, AND EXPERIMENTS
IN IMPERIALISM CULMINATING IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
BY CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD
THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY, CLEVELAND, 1917
Vol. I Vol. II
____________
THE CENTENIAL HISTORY OF ILLINOIS
CHICAGO. A. C. McCLURG & CO. 1922.
Vol. I: THE ILLINOIS COUNTRY 1673-1818
by CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD
Vol. II: THE FRONTIER STATE 1818-1848
by THEODORE CALVIN PEASE
Vol. III: THE ERA OF THE CIVIL WAR 1848-1870
by ARTHUR CHARLES COLE
Vol. IV: THE INDUSTRIAL STATE 1870-1893
by ERNEST LUDLOW BOGART and CHARLES MANFRED THOMPSON
Vol. V: THE MODERN COMMONWEALTH 1893-1918
by EARNEST LUDLOW BOGART and JOHN MABRY MATHEWS
____________
THE FIRST EXPLORATIONS OF THE TRANS-ALLEGHENY REGION BY THE VIRGINIANS 1650-1674
by CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD and LEE BIDGOOD
THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY, CLEVELAND, 1912.
____________
THE COUNTY OF ILLINOIS
by CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD
(PHD Thesis) Published by the Author
CHICAGO. THE LAKESIDE PRESS. 1907.
Alaska (AK)
Website: www.state.ak.us
HISTORY OF ALASKA. 1730-1885.
THE WORKS OF HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT VOL. XXXIII.
SAN FRANCISCO: A. L. BANCROFT & COMPANY. 1886
http://archive.org/details/historyalaska02nemogoog
HISTORY OF ALASKA. 1730-1885.
THE WORKS OF HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT VOL. XXXIII.
SAN FRANCISCO: A. L. BANCROFT & COMPANY. 1886
http://archive.org/details/historyalaska02nemogoog
Alabama (AL)
Website: www.alabama.gov
A HISTORY OF ALABAMA FOR USE IN SCHOOLS
BASED AS TO ITS EARLIER PARTS ONTHE WORK OF ALBERT J. PICKETT
BY WILLIAM GARROTT BROWN
UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY
NEW YORK AND NEW ORLEANS 1900
HISTORY OF ALABAMA AND INCIDENTALLY OF GEORGIA
AND MISSISSIPPI, FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD
BY ALBERT JAMES PICKETT
CHARLESTON: WALKER AND JAMES. 1851
Vol. I Vol. II
A HISTORY OF ALABAMA FOR USE IN SCHOOLS
BASED AS TO ITS EARLIER PARTS ONTHE WORK OF ALBERT J. PICKETT
BY WILLIAM GARROTT BROWN
UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY
NEW YORK AND NEW ORLEANS 1900
HISTORY OF ALABAMA AND INCIDENTALLY OF GEORGIA
AND MISSISSIPPI, FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD
BY ALBERT JAMES PICKETT
CHARLESTON: WALKER AND JAMES. 1851
Vol. I Vol. II
Tuesday, April 17, 2012
U. S. Federal & State Websites & Links
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Saturday, April 14, 2012
Virginia (VA)
Website: Virginia.gov
A HISTORY OF VIRGINIA FROM ITS DISCOVERY AND
SETTLEMENT BY EUROPEANS TO THE PRESENT TIME
by ROBERT R. HOWISON
VOL. I : PHILADELPHIA: CARREY & HART. 1846
VOL. II : RICHMOND: DRINKER AND MORRIS 1848
A HISTORY OF THE VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
by Samuel Kercheval
Woodstock, VA. John Gatewood, Printer. 1850
HISTORY OF THE COLONY AND ANCIENT
DOMINION OF VIRGINIA
by CHARLES CAMPBELL
PHILADELPHIA : J. B. LIPPINCOTT AND CO. 1860
VIRGINIA STATE LIBRARY
LIST OF THE REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS OF VIRGINIA
(Supplement) H. J. Eckenrode, Archivist
Richmond, 1913
p. 271 lists four Seaton's: George, John, Thomas, and William.
p. 104 lists eight Eskridge's. Jacob Rinker listed on p. 257.
A HISTORY OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA
by John W. Wayland
RUEBUSH-ELKINS COMPANY
DAYTON, VIRGINIA 1912
THE GERMAN ELEMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
by John W. Wayland
The Michie company, Printers
Charlottesville, Va. 1907
A HISTORY OF PENDLETON COUNTY, W. VA.
by Oren F. Morton, Published by the Author
FRANKLIN, WEST VA. 1910
A HANDBOOK OF HIGHLAND COUNTY AND
A SUPPLEMENT TO PENDLETON AND HIGHLAND HISTORY
by Oren F. Morton
MONTEREY, VA. THE HIGHLAND RECORDER 1922
SHENANDOAH VALLEY PIONEERS AND THEIR DESCENDANTS
A History of Frederick County, Virginia
by T. K. Cartmell 1909
Clerk of the Old County Court
A HISTORY OF VIRGINIA FROM ITS DISCOVERY AND
SETTLEMENT BY EUROPEANS TO THE PRESENT TIME
by ROBERT R. HOWISON
VOL. I : PHILADELPHIA: CARREY & HART. 1846
VOL. II : RICHMOND: DRINKER AND MORRIS 1848
A HISTORY OF THE VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
by Samuel Kercheval
Woodstock, VA. John Gatewood, Printer. 1850
HISTORY OF THE COLONY AND ANCIENT
DOMINION OF VIRGINIA
by CHARLES CAMPBELL
PHILADELPHIA : J. B. LIPPINCOTT AND CO. 1860
VIRGINIA STATE LIBRARY
LIST OF THE REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS OF VIRGINIA
(Supplement) H. J. Eckenrode, Archivist
Richmond, 1913
p. 271 lists four Seaton's: George, John, Thomas, and William.
p. 104 lists eight Eskridge's. Jacob Rinker listed on p. 257.
A HISTORY OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA
by John W. Wayland
RUEBUSH-ELKINS COMPANY
DAYTON, VIRGINIA 1912
THE GERMAN ELEMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY OF VIRGINIA
by John W. Wayland
The Michie company, Printers
Charlottesville, Va. 1907
A HISTORY OF PENDLETON COUNTY, W. VA.
by Oren F. Morton, Published by the Author
FRANKLIN, WEST VA. 1910
A HANDBOOK OF HIGHLAND COUNTY AND
A SUPPLEMENT TO PENDLETON AND HIGHLAND HISTORY
by Oren F. Morton
MONTEREY, VA. THE HIGHLAND RECORDER 1922
SHENANDOAH VALLEY PIONEERS AND THEIR DESCENDANTS
A History of Frederick County, Virginia
by T. K. Cartmell 1909
Clerk of the Old County Court
Friday, April 13, 2012
EDMUND BURKE
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
| Rt. Hon. Edmund Burke |
Edmund Burke PC (12 January [NS] 1729– 9 July 1797) was an Irish statesman, author, orator, political theorist and philosopher who, after moving to England, served for many years in the House of Commons of Great Britain as a member of the Whig party.
He is mainly remembered for his support of the cause of the American Revolutionaries, and for his later opposition to the French Revolution. The latter led to his becoming the leading figure within the conservative faction of the Whig party, which he dubbed the "Old Whigs", in opposition to the pro–French Revolution "New Whigs", led by Charles James Fox.
Burke was praised by both conservatives and liberals in the 19th century. Since the 20th century, he has generally been viewed as the philosophical founder of modern Conservatism, as well as a representative of classical liberalism.
____________
From Archive.org
THE WORKS OF THE RIGHT HONORABLE EDMUND BURKE
London : 1822, 1826 - 1827
Thursday, April 12, 2012
MILITARY REGISTERS
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES (ITS ORGANIZATION, DUTIES, PAY, AND ALLOWANCES), FROM 1775 TO 1901
by RAPHAEL P. THIAN
WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1901
General Register of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 1782 to 1882
Thoms H. S. Hamersly, Washington, D. C., 1889
Complete Army Register of the United States for 100 Years, 1779 to 1879
Thomas H. S. Hamersly, Washington, D. C., 1881
Official Army Register for September, 1861
Adjutant General's Office, Washington, September 1, 1861
Official Army Register of the Volunteer Force of the United States Army
for the Years 1861, '62, '63, '64, '65.
Adjutant General's Office, Washington
Parts 1-6: August 31, 1865
Parts 7-8: July 16, 1867 (Part VIII missing)
Part I. New England States.
Part II. New York and New Jersey.
Part III. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia.
Part IV. West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky.
Part V. Ohio, Michigan.
Part VI. Indiana, Illinois.
Part VII. Missouri, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, California, Kansas, Oregon, Nevada.
Part VIII. Territories of Washington, New Mexico, Nebrasa, Colorado, Dakota; Veteran reserve corps, U.S. veteran volunteers (First army corps), U.S. volunteers, U.S. colored troops.
List of Officers of the Navy of the United States
and of the Marine Corps from 1775 to 1900
edited by Edward W. Callahan
New York, L. R. Hamersly & Co. 1901
History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5;
Prepared in Compliance With Acts of the Legislature
by Samuel P. Bates
5 vol., Harrisburg, 1869, 70, 71.
Vol. I. Vol. II. Vol. III. Vol. IV. Vol. V.
by RAPHAEL P. THIAN
WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1901
General Register of the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 1782 to 1882
Thoms H. S. Hamersly, Washington, D. C., 1889
Complete Army Register of the United States for 100 Years, 1779 to 1879
Thomas H. S. Hamersly, Washington, D. C., 1881
Official Army Register for September, 1861
Adjutant General's Office, Washington, September 1, 1861
Official Army Register of the Volunteer Force of the United States Army
for the Years 1861, '62, '63, '64, '65.
Adjutant General's Office, Washington
Parts 1-6: August 31, 1865
Parts 7-8: July 16, 1867 (Part VIII missing)
Part I. New England States.
Part II. New York and New Jersey.
Part III. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia.
Part IV. West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky.
Part V. Ohio, Michigan.
Part VI. Indiana, Illinois.
Part VII. Missouri, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, California, Kansas, Oregon, Nevada.
Part VIII. Territories of Washington, New Mexico, Nebrasa, Colorado, Dakota; Veteran reserve corps, U.S. veteran volunteers (First army corps), U.S. volunteers, U.S. colored troops.
List of Officers of the Navy of the United States
and of the Marine Corps from 1775 to 1900
edited by Edward W. Callahan
New York, L. R. Hamersly & Co. 1901
History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5;
Prepared in Compliance With Acts of the Legislature
by Samuel P. Bates
5 vol., Harrisburg, 1869, 70, 71.
Vol. I. Vol. II. Vol. III. Vol. IV. Vol. V.
Wednesday, April 11, 2012
Tuesday, April 10, 2012
BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARIES
An American Biographical and Historical Dictionary
by William Allan. Hilliard & Metcalf, printers, 1809
____________
A New American Biographical Dictinary
or, Remembrancer of the Departed heroes, Sages, and Statesmen of America.
Third Edition; Compiled, Printed and published by Thomas J. Rogers, 1824
____________
The Biographical Dictionary of America (10 vols.)
Rossiter Johnson, editor-in-chief
John Howard Brown, managing editor
Boston, American Biographical Society, 1906
Vol. I: A — Browne
Vol. II: Bro — Cowan
Vol. III: Cowan — Erich
Vol. IV: Ericsson — Gwin
Vol. V: Habb — Izard
Vol. VI: Jack — Lock
Vol. VII: Lodge — Moul
Vol. VIII: Moul — Pyne
Vol. IX: Qua — Stearns
Vol. X: Steb — Zueb
____________
The New Universal Bigraphical Dictionary,
and American Remembrancer (4 vols.)
by James Hardie
New York, 1805
Vol. I Vol. II Vol. III Vol. IV
____________
A New American Bigraphical Dictionary
of the Departed Heroes, Sages, and Statesmen of America.
(second edition) Compiled by T. J. Rogers
Trenton, 1823
____________
The United States Biographical Dictionary and Portrait Gallery
of Eminent and Self-made Men
American Biographical Publishing Company
Chicago and New York, 1877, 1879, 1883
Illinois Volume
Iowa Volume
Minnesota Volume
Wisconsin Volume
The Canadian Biographical Dictionary and Portrait Gallery
of Eminent and Self-made Men
American Biographical Publishing Company
Toronto, Chicago and New York, 1880, 1881
Ontario Volume
Quebec and Maritime Provinces Volume
____________
Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States
edited by John Howard Brown
Boston, James H. Lamb Company, 1900, 1903
Vol. I : Abbe — Chrystal
Vol. II : Chubs — Erich
Vol. III : Ericsson — Hempstead
Vol. IV : Hench — Leaming
Vol. V : Leaming — Newton
Vol. VI : Newton — Sears
Vol. VII : Seaton — Zueblin
____________
by William Allan. Hilliard & Metcalf, printers, 1809
____________
A New American Biographical Dictinary
or, Remembrancer of the Departed heroes, Sages, and Statesmen of America.
Third Edition; Compiled, Printed and published by Thomas J. Rogers, 1824
____________
The Biographical Dictionary of America (10 vols.)
Rossiter Johnson, editor-in-chief
John Howard Brown, managing editor
Boston, American Biographical Society, 1906
Vol. I: A — Browne
Vol. II: Bro — Cowan
Vol. III: Cowan — Erich
Vol. IV: Ericsson — Gwin
Vol. V: Habb — Izard
Vol. VI: Jack — Lock
Vol. VII: Lodge — Moul
Vol. VIII: Moul — Pyne
Vol. IX: Qua — Stearns
Vol. X: Steb — Zueb
____________
The New Universal Bigraphical Dictionary,
and American Remembrancer (4 vols.)
by James Hardie
New York, 1805
Vol. I Vol. II Vol. III Vol. IV
____________
A New American Bigraphical Dictionary
of the Departed Heroes, Sages, and Statesmen of America.
(second edition) Compiled by T. J. Rogers
Trenton, 1823
____________
The United States Biographical Dictionary and Portrait Gallery
of Eminent and Self-made Men
American Biographical Publishing Company
Chicago and New York, 1877, 1879, 1883
Illinois Volume
Iowa Volume
Minnesota Volume
Wisconsin Volume
The Canadian Biographical Dictionary and Portrait Gallery
of Eminent and Self-made Men
American Biographical Publishing Company
Toronto, Chicago and New York, 1880, 1881
Ontario Volume
Quebec and Maritime Provinces Volume
____________
Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States
edited by John Howard Brown
Boston, James H. Lamb Company, 1900, 1903
Vol. I : Abbe — Chrystal
Vol. II : Chubs — Erich
Vol. III : Ericsson — Hempstead
Vol. IV : Hench — Leaming
Vol. V : Leaming — Newton
Vol. VI : Newton — Sears
Vol. VII : Seaton — Zueblin
____________
VOLTAIRE
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
 |
| Voltaire at 24, by Catherine Lusurier after Nicolas de Largillière's painting |
________________________
From Archive.org:
The Works of VOLTAIR : a contemporary version with notes
(43 vols.) Akron, Ohio, The Werner Company, 1906
Vol. I : Introductory and Biographical; Victor Hugo's Oration; Candide; Poetical Dissertations
Vol. II : Romances, Vol. I
Vol. III : Romances, Vol. II
Vol. IV : Romances, Vol. III
Vol. V : A Philosophical Dictionary, Vol. I: A.B.C. — Apparition
Vol. VI : A Philosophical Dictionary, Vol. II: Appearance — Calends
Vol. VII : A Philosophical Dictionary, Vol. III: Cannibals — Councils
Vol. VIII : A Philosophical Dictionary, Vol. IV: Country — Falsity
Vol. IX : A Philosophical Dictionary, Vol. V: Fanaticism — Gregory VII
Vol. X : A Philosophical Dictionary, Vol. VI: Happy — Job
Vol. XI : A Philosophical Dictionary, Vol. VII: Joseph — Mission
Vol. XII : A Philosophical Dictionary, Vol. VIII: Money — Privilege
Vol. XIII : A Philosophical Dictionary, Vol. IX: Property — States-General
Vol. XIV : A Philosophical Dictionary, Vol. X: Style — Zoroaster
And Declaration of the Amateurs, Inquirers, and Doubters
Vol. XV : Dramatic Works, Vol. I
Vol. XVI : Dramatic Works, Vol. II
Vol. XVII : Dramatic Works, Vol. III
Vol. XVIII : Dramatic Works, Vol. IV
Vol. XIX : Dramatic Works, Vol. V
Vol. XX : History of Charles VII, Vol I
Vol. XXI : History of Charles VII, Vol II
Vol. XXII : Age of Louis XIV, Vol. I
Vol. XXIII : Age of Louis XIV, Vol. II
Vol. XXIV : Ancient and Modern History, Vol. I
China, B. C. — Europe, Eleventh Century
Vol. XXV : Ancient and Modern History, Vol. II
Germany, 1056 — England, 1400
Vol. XXVI : Ancient and Modern History, Vol. III
France, 1384 — Europe, 1599
Vol. XXVII : Ancient and Modern History, Vol. IV
Charles V, 1512 — Philip II, 1584
Vol. XXVIII : Ancient and Modern History, Vol. V
The Armada, 1588 — Cromwell, 1658
Vol. XXIX : Ancient and Modern History, Vol. VI
England, 1661 — China, Japan, 1690
Vol. XXX : Ancient and Modern History, Vol. VII
Supplementary Notes
Vol. XXXI : Annals of the Empire, Vol. I
Charlemagne, A.D. 742 to Henry VII, 1313
Vol. XXXII : Annals of the Empire, Vol. II
Louis of Bavaria, 1315 to Ferdinand II, 1631
Vol. XXXIII : History of the War of 1741
Vol. XXXIV : History of the Russian Empire Under Peter the Great, Vol. I
Vol. XXXV : History of the Russian Empire Under Peter the Great, Vol. II
Vol. XXXVI : The Lisbon Earthquake and Other Poems
Vol. XXXVII : Essays on Literature, Philosophy, Art, History
Vol. XXXVIII : The Henriade: Letters and Miscellanies
Vol. XXXIX : Short Studies in English and American Subjects
Vol. XL : The Maid of Orleans, Vol. I
Vol. XLI : The Maid of Orleans, Vol. II
Vol. XLII : A Biographical Critique of Voltaire by John Morley
Vol. XLIII : Index to His Works, Genius, and Character
With an Appriciation of Voltaire by Oliver H. G. Leigh
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